When Aidan Key, now a 43-year-old man, was growing up as a girl there were few options for kids with Gender Identity Disorder. But now, a small but growing number of children are getting support from doctors who give them treatments that could help change their sex.
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036697/vp/46457311#46457311
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In this thought-provoking paper, Pava defends the claim that there is a unique Jewish business ethic. In so doing, Pava sets himself apart from those like Kant and Mill who defend the universal character of ethical imperatives. In other words, Pava proposes that there is a business ethics to be found within the texts of Judaism that cannot be reduced to the ethical systems with which we are familiar. To substantiate this claim, Pava argues that Jewish business ethics displays the following features:
1.?God as the Ultimate Source of Value:
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2. ?The Centrality of Community:
Unlike other ethical theories, a Jewish ethic is concerned with the community as well the individual; in seeking the morally correct action we are asked to answer the following question, ?What does God command us to do?? As such, the communal implications of individual action are taken into account when deciding which behaviours to proscribe. Pava then quotes three principles central to Jewish business ethics which are concerned with ?promoting the creation, maintenance, and enhancement of community?: (i) the financial needs of one?s family and community take precedence over the needs of strangers; (ii) we force people to help out others when doing so will come at no cost to themselves (kofin al midat S?dom/one is compelled not to act in the manner of Sodom); (iii) going beyond the letter of the law (lifnim mishurat hadin). Pava quotes a number of interesting scenarios in business where the application of these principles demonstrate a nuanced and commendable business ethic.
3. ?Individual and Communal Transformation:
The final element of Jewish business ethics is its goal of transforming the individual character which in turn will lead to communal transformation or upliftment: ?A living community committed to the ideal of ethical improvement at the level of the individual cannot for long ignore the call for ethical improvement in its powerful organizations and institutions.?
In spite of Pava?s case for there being a business ethic unique to Judaism, a number of concerns come to mind. Firstly, it is unclear how we are to interpret Pava?s claim. There is at least one sense in which it seems obvious that there is a unique Jewish business ethics; that is, given that only Jews are obligated to follow the numerous laws found in Choshen Mishpat (the section of Jewish law relating to commerce), it is obvious that within Judaism there is a unique business ethic. Perhaps, then, Pava has in mind a different kind of ?uniqueness,? for instance the claim that the content of Jewish business ethics is unique. But it would be hard to motivate such a ?uniqueness? claim based on the content of the three principles he identifies as central to a Jewish business ethic since ?secular? systems of ethics can and do incorporate those principles. And if Pava?s claim boils down to Judaism offering a unique combination of those principles, then it remains to be seen if they can cohere within one system, a point which Pava leaves undefended.
Secondly, it is not clear to me that the de facto position within Judaism is that morality depends on God?s will; in other words, there is a strong case to be made for denying that the horn of the Euthyphro problem favoured by Pava captures the Jewish position. (I refer the reader to Michael Harris?s book Divine Command Ethics for further reading on this point.) I don?t want to dwell on this point here since it will be the topic of a forthcoming symposium on this site. However, if the following question does not take us too deeply into the topic of the relationship between religion and ethics, I wouldn?t mind hearing more about the thinking behind this claim since it seems to me, despite what Pava writes in this piece, that he is incorrect when he claims ?Ethics, in the final analysis, is not like algebra or physics.?
A third worry, and one which is connected to my first point, is the relevance of the Jewish laws governing business for the non-Jewish world. If, as I claimed earlier, Judaism does indeed contain a unique business ethic, it is not clear to me what relevance this would have for the world of ethics in general. Pava brings test cases in his paper that seem to indicate that Jewish business ethics reaches the right result in those cases. But the ?right result,? if there is such a thing, pertains to the world of the beis din (the Jewish court of law) and seems to have no relevance to those outside of its domain. Perhaps, then, Pava is making the stronger claim that Jewish business ethics is a model for all business ethics. This would be a very interesting claim indeed and one I would like to hear more about.
Source: http://philosophyofjudaism.blogspot.com/2012/02/symposium-on-jewish-business-ethics.html
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? Xavier Alvarez was in good company when he stood up at a public meeting and called himself a wounded war veteran who had received the top military award, the Medal of Honor.
Alvarez was lying about his medal, his wounds and his military service, but he wasn’t the first man to invent war exploits.
He was, however, one of the first people prosecuted under a 2006 federal law aimed at curbing false claims of military valor.
Concerns that the law improperly limits speech and turns people into criminals for things they say, rather than do, are at the heart of the Supreme Court’s review of his case and the Stolen Valor Act.
Veterans groups have come to the aid of the Obama administration, which calls the law a narrowly crafted effort to protect the system of military awards that was established during the Revolutionary war by Gen. George Washington. The high court will hear the case Wednesday, which is Washington’s 280th birthday.
“They’re committing fraud. They’re impersonating somebody else. They take on attributes of somebody else, attributes of a hero who served honorably,” said Pam Sterner, whose college term paper calling for the law wound up in the hands of members of Congress. “When you do that, impersonating someone else, that’s fraud, not freedom of speech.”
Civil liberties groups, writers, publishers and news media outlets, including The Associated Press, have told the justices they worry the law, and especially the administration’s defense of it, could lead to more attempts by government to regulate speech.
When he established military decorations in 1782, seven years before he was elected as the nation’s first president, Washington himself also prescribed severe military punishment for soldiers who purported to be medal winners but weren’t. Since then, many men have embellished their war records, and some have won special recognition.
It long has been a federal crime to wear unearned medals, but mere claims of being decorated were beyond the reach of law enforcement.
The House of Representatives has more than once voted to name a post office after men who claimed awards they never received. The Air Force named an award after a man who falsely claimed to have survived the Bataan Death March and been awarded the Silver Star in World War II. The Boxing Writers of America named its perseverance award after the late Pat Putnam of Sports Illustrated because of his made-up tale of surviving a Chinese prisoner of war camp in the Korean War and receiving a Navy Cross.
The Stolen Valor Act aimed to solve that problem, and garnered significant support in Congress during a time of war.
“The admiration and respect for the military increased dramatically after 9/11 and the false claims, as well,” said Thomas A. Cottone Jr., a retired FBI agent who investigated phony award cases.
Alvarez made his claims by way of introducing himself as an elected member of the Three Valleys Municipal Water District in Pomona, Calif. There is nothing to suggest that he received anything in exchange or that listeners especially believed him.
Even Alvarez’ lawyers acknowledged their client sometimes has trouble telling the truth. “Xavier Alvarez lied,” they declare in the first sentence of their Supreme Court brief and go on to recount six separate lies in the next few lines.
He lied when he claimed he played hockey for the Detroit Red Wings, married a Mexican starlet who made paparazzi swoon, was an engineer, rescued the American ambassador during the Iranian hostage crisis and was shot when he went back for the U.S. flag. Alvarez also lied, they said, when he talked about his military service.
But the lies Alvarez told harmed no one, they said, so what he did couldn’t be considered fraud.
A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco struck down the law as an unconstitutional restraint on free speech and said the government might instead invest in an awards database that would make it harder for people to lay claim to medals they never won. Last month, the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver upheld the law in a separate case, saying the First Amendment does not always protect false statements.
The issue might never have reached this stage if not for the efforts of Sterner, and her husband, Doug.
He is a decorated Vietnam veteran who has made it his work in recent years to ensure that service members get the recognition they deserve and expose those who falsely claim acts of heroism under fire. Rather than wait for the government to act, Doug Sterner has entered nearly 100,000 award citations since Civil War in his online database, including all 3,475 Medal of Honor winners in U.S. history. His archive is used by the Military Times newspapers, published by Gannett Co.
Pam Sterner went back to school in her early 40s at Colorado State University in Pueblo, Colo. In a political science course, she wrote a paper that grew out of her husband’s frustrations over phony award claimants whose worst punishment was public embarrassment. That paper eventually led to the Stolen Valor Act.
Doug Sterner’s database did not save Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, from some embarrassment when he invited cameras and reporters to watch him pin medals on an elderly Korean War veteran in June.
The veteran, Myron Brown of Utah, said his Distinguished Service Cross and Silver Star were awarded belatedly, and he asked Chaffetz to present them to him publicly.
After the ceremony took place, Sterner and others raised questions about the medals and the Pentagon confirmed to Chaffetz in December that they were not authentic.
“Others have been burned by this. I have too, but I want to solve the problem,” Chaffetz told the Salt Lake Tribune. He is planning a hearing of the House Oversight and Government Reform subcommittee he leads to explore creating a government-run awards database.
Associated Press
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Broadly speaking, there are three types of insurance in Australia. There is the Compulsory Third Party (CTP) vehicle insurance, Workers Compensation, which is sometimes also known as Professional Indemnity Insurance, and finally, Public Liability or Insurance for Small Businesses. Any small business that deals either directly or indirectly with the public or relies on contracts or other legal documents and forms requires some type of small business insurance.
Businesses are almost always exposed to various risks and threats. That is why business insurance was made available to business owners to keep them financially protected in case an unexpected event occured. Almost all insurance companies offer business insurance and in various forms. They create these policies particularly to cover specific business insurance needs, regardless of the size of the company or the type of business involved. Typical business insurance needs include workers compensation, commercial insurance and insurance for vehicles related specifically to the business. Depending on any unique requirements, other forms of business insurance may also be available.
Workers compensation insurance covers employees if they are injured while doing their job or suffer a work-related illness that requires them to be absent or to seek medical care. Such insurance generally pays for medical treatments, and may pay for lost wages. This insurance can be very beneficial to employees especially those who are working in a high risk environment. Many workers compensation policies are structured in such a way as to encourage workers to return to the job as quickly as is medically advisable.
Commercial insurance can cover everything from physical plants to crops. Finished goods being transported to distributors or to markets, either by land, rail or water can all be covered with commercial insurance too. Commercial insurance also covers any product liability claims.
Business vehicle insurance covers not only delivery vans used exclusively for business purposes, but can also insure large, heavy trucks, tractors, and marine vehicles.
Protecting your business from potential risks should be within your list of priorities as it is one of the keys to achieving success. Additionally, operating a business of any size without purchasing a business insurance is not only financially risky, but in many cases, flat out illegal. And while certain laws can vary slightly between states, the overall concept of providing a secure business environment here in Australia remains constant nationwide, and is something every small business owner should aspire to uphold.
Source: http://www.magicmoneyclip.com/2012/02/19/the-demand-for-small-business-insurance/
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We have to analyze the current situation with a different perspective. Definitively the tablets are redefining the concept of what a mobile computer is. For the road warriors and frequent travelers, the tablets are more friendly computing devices than the classic laptops. Before, the first prototypes of tables didn?t have success because the technology guides didn?t have the level to allow the development of advanced tablets. Now, the state of art of the technology gives the opportunity to create better creatures with the concept of tablets. This is not only the iPad revolution. Apple showed to the market that the tablets are the new technology in the mobile computing devices segment. And now one after the other, all the main computer manufacturers will jump in the tablet arena.
Domingo A. Trassens, Comlab Analyst
Source: http://www.ezsql.net/computer-technology-news/my-view-on-laptop-sales-sapped-by-tablet-frenzy/
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Motorola may have hit a rough patch, but it?s emerging with new devices and possibly the guidance of its new parent company, Google. The Droid 4 is one of Motorola?s latest devices to hit the market, wowing with its medium size, full QWERTY keyboard, 4G support and stellar battery life. But while Motorola?s playing catchup, Samsung forges ahead with plans to release a Galaxy Tab 2, ready with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. HTC?s ramping up its ICS efforts as well, with plans for an early access preview of Android 4.0 on its Sensation line of smartphones.
Motorola?s hit several strong points with the latest Droid 4, including a sleek slide-out QWERTY keyboard that will convert any BlackBerry user. At $199 with a two-year contract, this new smartphone features a 4-inch, 960×540 LCD panel. The five-row rubber keypad is one of the best, with a well-spaced layout and backlit keys. The Droid 4 comes with support for Verizon?s 4G LTE network. The battery life is also notable, though the battery itself isn?t removable. The biggest downside for the Droid 4 at this time is its lack of Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.
Samsung?s slipped a few details about its latest tablet, the Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 (7.0). It?s the ICS successor to the original Galaxy Tab model, which has faced several obstacles in gaining an ICS upgrade. The 7-inch 1024×600 PLS LCD display is accompanied by a 1GHz dual-core processer and 1GB of RAM. The Galaxy Tab 2 will also come with Wi-Fi and a 3-megapixel rear-facing camera. While there?s several perks to the Galaxy Tab 2, there?s also some signs that this is an entry-level device compared to Samsung?s other well-fitted tablets. The main camera, for example, is fixed-focus and lacks an LED flash. The VGA resolution is also not as popular as the 1.2-megapixel or above we?re accustomed to seeing, and at 10.5mm thick, it?s also not the thinnest in the market.
Hoping to regain some lost market share with an Ice Cream Sandwich front-runner, HTC is putting out an early access preview of its Android 4.0 upgrades on the Sensation line. The HTC Sensation and Sensation XE, both in Europe, will gain early access to ICS, combined with HTC?s proprietary Sense interface, suggesting there will be some important changes to HTC?s skin in this build. The news comes ahead of Mobile World Congress, which kicks off Feb. 26. HTC is expected to roll out a handful of new Android handsets, amidst rumors of an upcoming music streaming service.
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AP – Diplomats say Iran is poised for a major expansion of its nuclear program at a cavernous underground site.
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“Google’s iPhone Tracking” blares the front page of today’s Wall Street Journal. The article within outlines the secret creation and use of computer codes that were able to “trick Apple’s Safari web-browsing software” into allowing Google to monitor what iPhone users were doing on the internet.
It only took one phone call from the Wall Street Journal and Google (GOOG) folded, removing the offending code from its ads. Talk about playing a weak hand of poker, but such is life when the issue at stake is privacy.
While it’s easy to see why people are angry at these type of revelations, to be shocked or surprised to learn that companies are finding new ways to turn data into dollars, strikes Macke and I as a little naive.
“Google took a crack at them (Apple), worked their way around the code, and then said, ‘what we did is perfectly legal, the Journal mischaracterized it,’ but then they took it down immediately to try something else,” Macke says in the attached video clip.
The rapid response and disabling of the secret code speaks volumes about how touchy this issue has become for big tech and advertising companies that have found themselves walking a tightrope between customer outrage and marketing gold.
But it’s not just tech that’s feeling the heat. Target (TGT) was the focus of a recent New York Times article about “How Companies Learn Your Secrets,” or in this case, track your purchases to predict that you’re pregnant. The retailer has gone so far as to send coupons that coincide with your predicted due date, even tailoring the ads for baby girls, if say, you bought pink crib sheets. Not to be left out of the party, Twitter also admitted that it stores contact information taken from the devices of its legion of users.
Lawmakers and regulators like the Federal Trade Commission feel your pain and are acting on your angst. Just this week, a house panel sent a letter to Apple (AAPL) CEO Tim Cook asking for an explanation of what the computer-maker is doing to protect the privacy of its customers and their digital address books. He has until the end of the month to reply.
In the meantime, what is clear is that technology companies are smarter, richer, and miles ahead of the lowly lawmakers who are trying to rein them in.
“Your privacy is not private on the internet,” Macke reminds us. “They know exactly where you’re searching and the weird stuff you’re into.”
Do you think Google has gone too far tracking you online? Tell us what you think in the poll and comments below.
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When traveling internationally, use bottled water. You can contract a variety of illnesses by drinking the unpurified water of other countries. Use bottled water any time you need water such as when you brush your teeth. Although it may seem inconsequential, you could get sick even from the small amount of water used when you brush your teeth.
Booking online is a great way to start your vacation planning. For help planning your trip, let a travel site help you. You can make hotel reservations, schedule flights and set up rental cars with the use of your computer. One of the best parts is the fact that you can read reviews from many sources. Don?t forget to look for discounts when booking travel at the last minute.
Talk to your children about airport security. Prior to arriving at the airport, let them know exactly what will occur during the security screening process. As much as possible throughout the security check, stay near your kids. Have one adult go through first to show them what they should do.
You can have a great deal of fun at travel locations near your home. You don?t have to leave the state. There may even be sights you haven?t seen in your local area. Staying local allows you to save money while benefiting your own local economy. You may be surprised to find a real gem, hiding in your own ?backyard?.
Hotel staff like room service staff and the bell hop are paid meager salaries and tips are very much appreciated. Generally, you will give one dollar per piece of luggage, and anywhere between two and five dollars a day for housekeeping. This will help ensure that you maintain a good relationship during your stay.
Some travel sites offer an useful E-tracking option. These sites will alert you should accommodations or flight prices change. You?ll get an email alert of price reductions for flights and hotels you?re interested in.
These products are overpriced and the space saved is not worth it. Try to fold your clothes more efficiently with methods such as bundle packing. This can give you the extra space you need for other things.
If you enjoy visiting the gorgeous National Parks and plan to do so often, consider investing in an affordable National Park Pass. National park season passes are around 50 dollars, and they are good for every park in the country.
Always make sure that your dogs are accustomed to their surroundings whenever you travel with them. Your dog should be trained in voice command and put on a leash when visiting different tourist destinations. Responsible pet owners should realize the safety factor inherent in maintaining full control of their pet when traveling.
There is a remarkable amount of plant life and beautiful views in deserts. Deserts are a wonder of nature that should be experienced by anyone who wants to feel the vastness and variety of our world.
You can save time when going to an amusement park by purchasing your tickets online. The small fee for such a service is worth it to avoid long lines. Also, parks sometimes offer timed entry, and if they do, you can use your tickets to get right to the admission line.
As you have seen, a lack of planning can turn a dream vacation into a nightmare. With the information you have obtained in this article, it is now possible for you to enjoy your vacation stress free!
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[unable to retrieve full-text content]ContributorNetwork – COMMENTARY | Rick Santorum’s rise in the Republican presidential race draws parallels to Tim Tebow’s magical NFL season — Rick Perry’s comparison to the Denver Broncos quarterback notwithstanding.
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